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American Journal of Medical Quality
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Complexity of Medication-Related Verbal Orders

Douglas S. Wakefield, PhD

Department of Health Management and Informatics, Center for Health Care Quality, University of Missouri-Columbia, WakefieldDS{at}health.missouri.edu

Marcia M. Ward, PhD

Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa

Debra Groath, ARNP, MS

Mercy Medical Center, North Iowa

Tamara Schwichtenberg, RN, MS

Mercy Medical Center, North Iowa

Louis Magdits, BS

Center for Health Care Quality, University of Missouri-Columbia

Jane Brokel, PhD, RN

University of Iowa College of Nursing

Donald Crandall, MD

Trinity Health, Muskegon, Michigan

Verbal orders are a common practice in hospitals but there has been little systematic study about them. Although the potential for harm arising from the miscommunication and misunderstanding of verbal orders has been recognized, there is very little research examining their complexity. This article provides a descriptive analysis of one hospital's medication-related verbal-order events for a 1-week period. Among other things, this analysis demonstrates the presence of great variability across different patient care units related to when and the way in which verbal orders are communicated and the numbers and types of individual medication-related orders communicated within a single verbal-order event. The discussion identifies 3 categories of factors potentially contributing to the complexity of verbal orders and the potential for miscommunication, misunderstanding, and patient harm: Verbal Ordering Process and Content, Verbal Order Makers, and Verbal Order Takers. (Am J Med Qual 2008;23:7-17)

Key Words: verbal orders • verbal medication orders • ordering practices

American Journal of Medical Quality, Vol. 23, No. 1, 7-17 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1062860607310922


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